How can we predict and minimize potential unethical abuses of brain mapping

Now, predicting what the people think does not only happen in the movie, the scientists have also developed a technology to improve our undertstanding of how the brain processes information and thoughts. This technology is called brain mapping. However, every coin has two sides. We need to consider both benefits and harms, and predict and minimize potential unethical abuses of brain mapping.
Firstly of all, let focus on the advantages of brain mapping. The research had shown that functional magnetic resonace imaging(FMRI) can detect and locate brain activity when a person thinks about a specific word. Hence, mental diseases like paranoid schizophrenia, semantic dementias and melancholia could be dealt with since brain mapping may help the doctors to understand what patients are thinking and then apply appropriate treatment.
on the contrary, we had to think more about the disadvantages and harms to us. Since this technology exist, a lot of ethical issues occur. For example, an ethical issue is that of consent, this is relevant to the national security or certain types of jobs. what would be the consequences if a criminal refuses? such a refusal would affect a jury regardless of a judge's instructions. For these reasons, society should establish standards now and preferably outside of the courtroom. Another controversial issue is the testng of children. some parents say they want to find out if their children is good at something. They won't wastes lessons on their children. But is this really true, or it really can predict what the child should be, we should study more.
Hence, how do predict and minimize the potential unethical abuses of brain mapping is very emperious? since so many ethical issues occur. we have to take some measures to minimize the damage. first, we should forbid this technology when the technology is very mature. Then decree some laws to avoid the abuses of this technolgy.
In conclusion, since brain mapping is not so mature or will take some ethical issues, we should consider both the benefits and harms, we should take wise decision.

Difficulties in academic writing

In our college study, we have to write a lot of academci essays. Academic essay is quite different from general papers. When we write an academic essay, we have to pay attention to many aspects, such as the format, organization, language, and content. For me, the most challenging part of writing an academic essay is language and content.
I take the module SSA2204, which requires us to have a good skill of writing academic essay. however, for me, i have lots of problems. Content is the most big problem. When i read the singaporean students' essays, i find their content is very meaningful and closely related to the topic, however, my essay lacks of such meaningful content, which cannot prove my opinion very well. hence i plan to read more local studnts' artilces to improve my lackage of content, and in daily life i had better to read more newspapers and academic journey to enrich my brian. Another problem for me is language, my tutor told me she know what i want to express, but the language is not so good, for example, my language either has some grammar errors or is very simple. I always feel very worried about my language because i find i hardly have some improvements on my language since my briding course. My previous tutor told me one way to improve my language is to memorise a lot of vocabularies, hence you can choose a better world to put in your sentence to make the sentence more meaingful. For the grammar errors, sometimes i find it's a little different between China and Singapore, for example, in my briding course i wrote a sentence " the more you eat, the heavier you are", my tutor told me this sentence is wrong, but my chinese-english teacher taught us like that. so i think i should read more or recite more sentences to modify my errors.

The growth in emission of carbon dioxide

Why is carbon dioxide (CO2) a problem?
Today molecules of carbon dioxide have increased 100 molecules per million to 380 molecules per million since pre-industrial times. The rising of carbon dioxide molecules leads to boosting global temperature, which will result in rising sea levels and other natural disasters. However, it’s hard to decrease the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Since most of the energy come from burning fossil fuel, which produce huge quantity of carbon dioxide, so a challenging problem for the engineers is to develop a system to capture and store the carbon dioxide.
How do you capture CO2?
A chemical system is used to capture carbon dioxide. Smokestacks of coal-burning electric power plants could be replaced with absorption towers. One tower would contain chemicals that isolate carbon dioxide from the other gases (nitrogen and water vapor). A second tower would separate the carbon dioxide from the absorbing chemicals.
There are two main ways to alter the combustion process at the outset; one way is burning coal in pure oxygen rather than ordinary air. That would make separating the carbon dioxide from the exhaust much easier.
Another way is to burn coal to produce a synthetic gas, typically containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Adding steam to the synthetic gas converts the carbon monoxide into additional hydrogen and carbon dioxide that can be filtered out of the system.
How do you store CO2?
There are two main ways to store the carbon dioxide. The first way is storing the carbon dioxide in depleted oil fields, for example, offers an important economic advantage — the carbon dioxide interacts with the remaining oil to make it easier to remove. And carbon dioxide’s presence reduces the friction impeding the flow of oil through the rock to wells.
Concerns about leaks suggest to some experts that the best strategy might be literally deep-sixing carbon dioxide, by injecting it into sediments beneath the ocean floor. High pressure from above would keep the carbon dioxide in the sediments and out of the ocean itself. It might cost more to implement than other methods, but it would be free from worries about leaks.


National Academy of Engineeing.(n.d.) develop carbon sequestration methods. Retrieved 3th oct,2008 from http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996/9077.aspx

people resist new technology

The main reason people resist new technology is that they are afraid of potential damage that the new technology may cause. People usually do things the way they have become accustomed to, because they think this is a safe way. The same attitude applies to technology. People prefer existing technology because they can be sure that it is not harmful. However, people are uncertain about new technology because they do not know what risks might be involved. For example, in 1945, two nuclear bombs exploded in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. More than 20,000 people died in that incident. Today, nuclear technology is widely used to produce power and make weapons. Nuclear radiation is very harmful because people easily get cancer if they are radiated by nuclear radiation. So when we talk about the damage that the nuclear weapons made, we still feel a little afraid of it. In conclusion, people often resist new technology because they worry about the damage that the new technology may cause.

grammar error----article

So far i find i still have some problems about article.
There are totally 3 articles（a,an,the). Articles are used to embellish a noun.
'A' and 'an' are called indefinite article, they are usually used to embellish a general noun. Such as, i have a book. "The" is called definite article, it is used to embellish a particular noun. Such as, the man who standing on the desk is my math tutor. Because I alsways make some mistakes about article, I find some exercises to practise. In the exercise, i get some new knowledge. For example, in the past i didn't pay much attention to the difference between a and an. I often say i have got a exercise book, however, this is wrong. The right sentence is that i have got an exercise book. Because exercise starts with a sponken vowel 'a', so we use an. In the english grammar we have five vowel phonetic symbol,'a','e','i','o','u'. Another example, i love flowers in your garden. The right sentence should be that i love the flowers in your garden. Because we have mention that the flower is 'in your garden', so we should put 'an' in front of the flowers.
ok, these are the mistakes i usually make. For more information you can find from http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/alle_grammar.htm

the shortage of energy

After reading those two articles I find the most important issue we face is the shortage of energy. There are finite resources on the earth, and the growing population consumes them at a rate that can’t be sustained. No country can live without energy, because they have to develop to make them stronger and richer. In the 21th century, energy becomes more and more important to us. Many countries even start up a battle for energy; as everyone knows, in 2003 the United States and UK start up a battle with Iraq. The reason for them is that the Iraq government owns many mass damaged weapons and helps the terrorists, but most people know that the real reason is to control the oil of Iraq. From this battle, we can see how important the energy is.
Since the energy on earth is very finite, we can’t depend on it forever and we should develop new and environmentally friendly energy for our future. Sunshine is a very good choice, there are three main reasons. Firstly, the sun can live for a very long time. Some experts predict that the sun can live at least for billions of years. Secondly, it’s an environmentally friendly power. It won’t pollute the environment at all. Finally, the total energy of sunshine bathing the earth each hour is much more than our consumption in a year. For these three reasons I think sunshine is a very good energy. However, it’s easy to say but hard to do. How to capture the sunshine all over the world and convert it into useful forms are very challenging tasks for the engineers. Our engineers should study it further to solve those problems.
In conclusion, our earth has finite resources, how can we develop longer and harmoniously? we should study new energy, what I prefer is the sunshine.